When nature meets the economy, coasts become a stage for a hidden struggle between overexploitation and sustainability. The beaches that attract millions of visitors annually are not just recreational destinations, but also vast economic resources and sensitive ecosystems.
In a world where the effects of climate change are escalating and the gap between development and the environment is deepening, coastal tourism appears to be a choice fraught with contradictions.
Can developing countries invest in their coasts without destroying them? How have some countries achieved this balance?
🏖️ Coastal Tourism: An Economic Lever and Environmental Priority
Coastal tourism is a cornerstone of the economies of developing countries, with more than half of global tourism activity attributed to coastal areas.
According to the World Economic Forum, the global coastal and marine tourism industry generates revenues estimated at around $9.5 trillion annually; it provides one job for every 11 jobs worldwide.
Its importance is particularly highlighted in small island nations, where it contributes up to 40% of the GDP for some, such as:
Maldives: over 60%
Morocco: 21%
🌍 International Experiences in Coastal Development:
• Mauritius: It has succeeded by diversifying income sources, establishing regulatory frameworks to protect the environment, and enhancing joint governance between the public and private sectors.
• Cape Town: It adopted policies to conserve water and energy during peak seasons, enhancing its reputation as a sustainable destination.
• Sharm El Sheikh: It experienced a decline in the coral reef (especially reef fish) by 35% between 2010–2018 due to unplanned expansion.
♻️ Principles for Achieving Coastal Sustainability:
Comprehensive coastal management plans that link urban development with ecosystem protection.
Marine environmental protection through the establishment of protected areas and the implementation of strict waste disposal standards.
Involving local communities in decision-making and supporting their small projects.
Sustainable infrastructure such as water treatment plants, renewable energy, and eco-friendly transportation.
Integrating climate change considerations such as reducing emissions and adapting to rising sea levels (e.g., artificial reef barrier projects).